The official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state

Pancasila is the official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state. Pancasila consists of two Old Javanese words (originally from Sanskrit), "pañca" meaning five, and "sīla" meaning principles. It comprises five principles held to be inseparable and interrelated:

1. Belief in the one and only God, (in Indonesian, Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa).

2. Just and civilized humanity, (in Indonesian, Kemanusiaan Yang Adil dan

    Beradab).

3. The unity of Indonesia, (in Indonesian, Persatuan Indonesia).

4. Democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of
  deliberations amongst representatives (in Indonesian, Kerakyatan Yang
  Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan, Dalam Permusyawaratan dan
  Perwakilan)

5. Social justice for all of the people of Indonesia (in Indonesian, Keadilan Sosial
   bagi seluruh Rakyat Indonesia)

History

In 1945, facing the need to pull together the diverse archipelago, the future President Sukarno promulgated Pancasila as philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state (Indonesian: "Dasar Negara"). Sukarno's political philosophy was mainly a fusion of elements of socialism, nationalism and monotheism. This is reflected in a proposition of his version of Pancasila he presented on 1 June 1945, to the Investigating Committee for the Preparation of Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan, BPUPK), in a speech known as "The Birth of the Pancasila"

1. Kebangsaan Indonesia (Indonesian Nationality), an emphasis on Nationalism

2. Internasionalisme (Internationalism), an emphasis on justice and humanity

3. Musyawarah Mufakat (Deliberative Consensus), an emphasis on Representative democracy which holds no ethnic dominance but an equal vote for each member of the council

4. Kesejahteraan Sosial (Social Welfare), influenced by the idea of the welfare state, an emphasis on populist Socialism

5. KeTuhanan yang Berkebudayaan, an emphasis on monotheism and religiosity

After several BPUPKI meetings, the five principles (sila) proposed by Sukarno were rearranged. The fifth sila concerning religiosity was promoted to become the first sila. Internationalism, justice and humanity remain as parts of the second sila. The previously first sila about nationalism became the third sila about Indonesian unity. The third and fourth sila about democracy and social warfare become the fourth and fifth sila.

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